Pakistan's nuclear power plants (NPPs) continue to be a vital component of the country's energy mix, with six operational plants contributing a total of 3,530 MW of installed capacity, as reported in the Economic Survey 2024-25. The Chashma Nuclear Power Generating Station (CNPGS) in Mianwali and the Karachi Nuclear Power Station (KNPGS) are the two main sites, with a combined capacity of 3,530 MW. KNPGS features two Generation-III technology units, K-2 and K-3, while CNPGS has four units totaling 1,330 MW.

KANUPP, Pakistan's first nuclear power plant, was permanently closed in August 2021 after 50 years of operation and is currently undergoing decommissioning. The Economic Survey highlighted that the average tariff for NPPs in Pakistan includes significant debt repayment costs related to newly constructed units, covering 20% (12 years) of the plants' economic life.

Electricity consumption in Pakistan saw a 3.6% decrease in the first nine months of fiscal year 2024-25, attributed to high tariffs, energy conservation efforts, and reduced industrial activity. Total electricity consumption from July to March 2025 was 80,111 GWh, down from 83,109 GWh the previous year. Factors contributing to this decline include higher energy prices, increased off-grid solar usage, and decreased demand from major sectors.

Household electricity consumption slightly increased to 39,728 GWh, comprising 49.6% of total electricity use. This rise is linked to population growth, higher use of home appliances, and seasonal demand. Industrial consumption decreased to 21,082 GWh, accounting for 26.3% of total consumption. The agriculture sector experienced a significant 34.3% drop in consumption, with many farmers opting for diesel or solar-powered irrigation systems due to escalating power costs.

The commercial sector showed a slight uptick in consumption, reaching 6,898 GWh, indicating a potential recovery in business and retail activity. Consumption in the 'others' category, including public lighting and government buildings, remained steady at around 7,037 GWh. Pakistan's total installed power generation capacity reached 46,605 MW by March 2025, with hydropower, nuclear, and renewable sources accounting for 44.3% of the total capacity.

This shift away from thermal generation highlights the country's efforts to diversify its energy mix. However, the overall decline in electricity consumption underscores broader economic challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to stimulate demand and support industrial revival.