The International Atomic Energy Agency has reported Iran's violation of non-proliferation obligations for the first time in almost two decades. This finding could escalate tensions and trigger efforts to reinstate UN sanctions against Tehran later this year.

Iran is likely to respond with a nuclear escalation, complicating ongoing talks with the US to impose new restrictions on its atomic activities. The resolution coincides with heightened tensions in the region as the US withdraws staff from the Middle East.

The resolution was passed by the board of governors with 19 countries in favor, 11 abstentions, and three states opposing. Iran, however, has denied ever pursuing nuclear weapons and criticized the resolution as a political decision lacking technical or legal basis.

Following the resolution, Iran announced countermeasures, including the opening of a new enrichment site and upgrading centrifuges at the Fordow nuclear facility. Talks between the US and Iran on Tehran's nuclear program are ongoing, with a sixth round scheduled in Oman.

The IAEA's May 31 report revealed Iran's accumulation of near-weapons-grade uranium, raising serious concerns. The agency noted that Iran is the only non-nuclear-weapon state producing such material. US intelligence and the IAEA have long suspected Iran of a secret nuclear weapons program, which Iran denies.

The resolution hints at referring Iran to the UN Security Council but would require a second resolution, as occurred in 2005. This recent development underscores the challenges in addressing Iran's nuclear activities and the potential for further escalation.