This week in the world of science, we delved into the mysteries of the cosmos and the depths of our oceans.

To comprehend the universe today, we must look back to its early days, around 13 billion years ago during the cosmic dawn. While space telescopes have been our primary tool for peering into the past, astronomers recently detected light remnants from the first stars using a ground-based telescope, a feat previously deemed impossible.

Transitioning from outer space to the ocean's depths, researchers unveiled more secrets about the 'world's richest shipwreck' off the Colombian coast. Additionally, scientists captured footage of a striking blood-red squid for the first time.

Meanwhile, amidst remarkable underwater discoveries, an unexpected sighting occurred when a marine creature typically found in the ocean appeared in an unusual location.

Amazing Discoveries

Star-shaped brain cells, known as astrocytes, play a vital role in maintaining brain health, from clearing cellular debris to regulating blood flow. A recent study revealed that these cells may also influence how memories are stored in the brain.

While neurons were once believed to be solely responsible for thought and memory, scientists used machine learning to study how astrocytes interact with neurons to form connections. They discovered that astrocytes aid in memory storage through calcium-based signals that they transmit within and between cells, ultimately influencing neuronal activity.

• New menstrual pad device tracks period blood for signs of disease
• Details about the latest blood test for Alzheimer's
• Facts about HIV/AIDS

Life's Little Mysteries

The ability to detect odors is crucial for survival in the animal kingdom, aiding in tasks such as hunting, mating, and evading predators. But which species reign supreme in the realm of smell?

Latest Research

While earthquakes remain unpredictable, a recent study suggests that California's fault lines are overdue for seismic activity. By analyzing the intervals between earthquakes in five quake-prone regions with extensive geological records, geoscientists identified faults that are 'overdue' for a quake.

• Details on the hidden layer beneath Italy's Campi Flegrei caldera
• Discovery of a new island in the Caspian Sea
• Concerns about Earth's oceans entering a 'danger zone' of acidity

Additional Science News

• Speculations about the 'Lost Colony' of Roanoke
• IBM's plans to develop a 10,000-qubit quantum computer
• Ancient DNA findings from Papua New Guinea
• Unearthing Roman-era 'fast food' remnants
• Alan Turing's preserved papers heading to auction

Beyond the Headlines

Bariatric surgery, a highly effective weight-loss treatment, has been linked to improvements in mental health beyond weight reduction. A recent study suggests that these improvements may be tied to reduced weight stigma experienced by patients post-surgery.

Patients reporting decreased stigmatization after bariatric surgery also exhibited better physical and mental health. Conversely, those who continued to face stigma post-procedure were at a higher risk of mental health issues and disordered eating.

Something for the Weekend

For weekend reading, enjoy long reads, book excerpts, and interviews published this week, covering topics like the Milky Way, nebula photos, the summer solstice, and Father's Day deals on telescopes and cameras.

Science in Pictures

This week, the Solar Orbiter captured unprecedented images of the sun's south pole, offering insights into solar wind, space weather, and the sun's magnetic field. These images mark a new era in solar science, providing valuable data for researchers.