NASA has initiated a new mission called Sporadic-E ElectroDynamics (SEED) to investigate mysterious cloud-like formations in the sky that can disrupt communication systems. These formations, known as Sporadic-E layers, occur in the lower part of the ionosphere, a region filled with charged particles high above Earth's surface.

The SEED mission involves launching uncrewed suborbital rockets carrying scientific instruments from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. These rockets aim to study the sudden appearance, movement, and disappearance of Sporadic-E layers, which can reflect radio signals to Earth, causing communication disruptions.

These invisible layers pose challenges for air traffic controllers, marine radio users, and military radar systems. They can lead to the misinterpretation of signals, creating confusion and potential risks in various sectors such as aviation, maritime, and defense.

Principal investigator Aroh Barjatya explained that these layers are not visible to the naked eye and can only be detected using radar. Some layers appear patchy and puffy, while others resemble widespread cloud cover, hence the term 'blanketing Sporadic-E layers'.

The formation of Sporadic-E layers is attributed to the downward drift of heavy metal ions in the ionosphere, which gather in dense clusters below 140 kilometers. These ions, originating from meteors that burn up in Earth's atmosphere, include particles of iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium.