A significant finding has reshaped our understanding of Australia’s frog evolution. The discovery of a 55-million-year-old fossil challenges previous theories about the separation of Australian and South American tree frogs. This ancient fossil, the oldest of its kind, sheds light on the early evolution of frogs in Australia, potentially changing the timeline of their divergence.

The Surprising Timeline Shift

For years, scientists believed that Australian and South American tree frogs split around 33 million years ago. However, a recent study published in the Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology reveals that the earliest known member of the pelodryadid family, Litoria tylerantiqua, dates back 55 million years. This discovery significantly alters the evolutionary timeline.

Lead author Dr. Roy Farman from UNSW Sydney explains that previous molecular studies suggested the split happened 33 million years ago, but this new evidence challenges that assumption.

Uncovering the Past at Murgon

The ancient frog fossils were found in Murgon, Queensland, on the lands of the Waka Waka people. The discovery not only marks a scientific milestone but also a cultural one. The species has been named in honor of Australian herpetologist Michael Tyler, recognizing his pioneering work on frogs and toads.

Revising the History of Frog Evolution

About 55 million years ago, when Australia, Antarctica, and South America were connected, a warmer climate and forested land corridor facilitated the survival of frog species. This new fossil extends the record of Australian frogs by 30 million years, potentially marking the early stages of the split between Australian and South American tree frogs.

Changing the Evolutionary Timeline

Dr. Farman suggests that the split between the two frog groups may have occurred much earlier than previously thought. The fossil evidence indicates a separation at least 22 million years earlier than molecular studies suggested. The fossil record provides a more accurate timeline for the divergence of tree frogs.

High-Tech Methods Reveal Hidden Insights

CT scans and 3D modeling were used to study the frog fossils, allowing researchers to analyze bones that were previously invisible. The shape of the fossil ilia indicates that the ancient frog species is more closely related to Australian tree frogs than South American species.

Frogs: Survivors of Mass Extinction

Despite facing challenges like mass extinctions and human-induced threats, frogs have adapted and survived for millions of years. The fossil record offers insights into how frog groups have overcome past challenges, providing valuable information for conservation efforts today.

Source: Indian Defence Review