Rutgers Health researchers have highlighted the potential effects of mycotoxins, such as mycoestrogen, on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Exposure to mycotoxins, particularly zearalenone, a mycoestrogen with estrogen-like activity, can impact placental function and lead to lower birthweight in humans. This compound, found in ultra-processed foods like grains and grain-based products, mimics estrogen and may interfere with crucial biological processes during gestation.

The study, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, examined prenatal exposure to mycoestrogens in pregnant individuals and its relation to placental and birth outcomes. Researchers found widespread exposure to mycoestrogens and identified a genetic variant, ABCG2 Q141K, that influences the body's ability to transport and eliminate these compounds. Individuals with this variant showed altered birth outcomes, suggesting genetic predisposition plays a key role in the effects of mycoestrogen exposure during pregnancy.

According to Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, an assistant professor at the Rutgers School of Public Health and lead author of the study, there is a need for greater awareness of mycoestrogen exposure and its potential impact on maternal and fetal health. She emphasizes the importance of considering genetic factors when evaluating environmental exposures and their health effects.

The research highlights the importance of further studies on dietary guidelines and public health policies to reduce mycoestrogen exposure, especially for pregnant individuals who may be more susceptible due to genetic variations. Rivera-Núñez suggests avoiding ultra-processed foods like pasta, breakfast cereals, baked goods, and breads to lower exposure to mycoestrogens.

As mycoestrogen exposure is expected to rise globally due to climate change, researchers are focused on exploring interventions to protect pregnant women and their babies. This includes regulating the use of mycoestrogens and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals to mitigate risks and improve birth outcomes.