Researchers from the National Graphene Institute at The University of Manchester and the University of Technology Sydney have devised a novel method to prolong the lifespan of zinc-ion batteries, providing a safer and more sustainable energy storage solution.

The team developed a two-dimensional (2D) manganese-oxide/graphene superlattice that initiates a unique lattice-wide strain mechanism. This innovation significantly enhances the structural stability of the battery's cathode material, enabling it to function reliably through over 5,000 charge-discharge cycles, a 50% improvement compared to current zinc-ion batteries.

Published in Nature Communications, the study presents a practical approach to scalable, water-based energy storage technologies.

Atomic-Level Battery Durability Control

The breakthrough revolves around the Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect (CJTE), a coordinated lattice distortion induced by a specific 1:1 ratio of manganese ions (Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺). When integrated into a layered 2D structure on graphene, this ratio generates a uniform, long-range strain across the material, aiding the cathode in resisting degradation during repeated cycling.

The outcome is a cost-effective, aqueous zinc-ion battery that delivers enhanced durability without the safety concerns associated with lithium-ion cells.

Lead author Prof Guoxiu Wang from the University of Technology Sydney and a Royal Society Wolfson visiting Fellow at The University of Manchester stated, "Our work showcases the engineering of 2D material heterostructures for practical applications. It underscores the potential of superlattice design in enhancing real-world devices like rechargeable batteries, illustrating how 2D material innovation can be applied to tangible technologies."

Advancing Grid-Scale Storage

Zinc-ion batteries are considered a promising option for stationary storage, storing renewable energy for households, businesses, or the power grid. However, their limited lifespan has hindered widespread adoption.

This research demonstrates how atomic-level chemical control can surmount this obstacle.

Co-corresponding author Prof Rahul Nair from The University of Manchester mentioned, "Our study introduces a new dimension in strain engineering for 2D materials. By inducing the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, we've proven the ability to fine-tune the magnetic, mechanical, and optical properties of materials in previously unattainable ways."

The team also validated that their synthesis process is feasible at scale using water-based techniques, eliminating toxic solvents or extreme temperatures, a significant advancement in making zinc-ion batteries more feasible for mass production.