Recent research from the University of British Columbia reveals that wildfires can have detrimental effects on oceans by polluting waterways and disrupting their ability to store carbon.

Dr. Brian Hunt, a professor at the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries (IOF), along with IOF research scientist Emily Brown, delve into the implications of wildfires on our waters in the face of a changing climate.

Effects of Fire on Water Quality

Dr. Hunt explains that wildfires in the Fraser River basin release ash, soil particles, and chemicals into the environment. Analysis of water quality and wildfire data shows an increase in compounds like arsenic, lead, nitrogen, and phosphorus in waters affected by recent fires in the river basin.

Monitoring data spanning two decades revealed that up to 16.3% of water quality variation can be attributed to wildfires. While the Fraser River is not a primary source of drinking water, the increased occurrence and intensity of wildfires could impact downstream marine ecosystems, leading to harmful algae blooms and oxygen depletion.

Emily Brown adds that fires near rivers have immediate effects on water quality due to the quick mobilization of ash and contaminants, while fires farther away show delayed effects up to a year later. The rising frequency and severity of wildfires in the region pose a threat to overall water quality.

Wildfires and Carbon Sequestration

Black carbon produced during fires can sequester carbon from the atmosphere when buried in the ocean. However, a shift from snowmelt to rain-driven water sources in the Fraser River could lead to the export of more rapidly degradable black carbon to the ocean, potentially reducing carbon sequestration and increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Addressing the Issue

Dr. Hunt emphasizes the need to understand the interconnected effects of fire on various systems and incorporate this knowledge into resilience planning. Monitoring water quality post-wildfires and researching the impact of fires on coastal ocean ecosystems are crucial steps.

Emily Brown advocates for a return to a more natural fire regime in British Columbia, including supporting Indigenous-led fire stewardship through cultural burning practices, removing barriers to prescribed burns, providing training and equipment, and establishing Indigenous-led governance structures.

By taking proactive measures and recognizing the role of wildfires in shaping ecosystems, we can work towards mitigating the harmful effects on oceans and carbon storage.