Iran plays a significant role in the global oil and gas industry, being among the top 10 producers worldwide. The country's energy sites are crucial for both regional and global markets.

Recent attacks by Israel on Iran's nuclear facilities, military sites, oil and gas facilities, and state TV headquarters have raised concerns about a potential escalation of conflict and its impact on global energy markets.

Iran's Oil Industry

Iran holds about 157 billion barrels of proven crude oil, accounting for 24 percent of the Middle East's and 12 percent of the world's proven oil reserves. It is the ninth largest oil producer globally and the fourth largest within OPEC, with a daily production of about 3.3 million barrels of crude oil.

In 2023, Iran's net oil export revenues were estimated at $53 billion, making oil a critical source of government income. However, limited foreign investment and international sanctions have hindered Iran's oil production potential.

Iran's Oil Facilities

Iran's oil facilities are mainly located in the south and west of the country, including onshore oilfields, offshore platforms, refineries, export terminals, and pipelines. Kharg Island serves as the main export terminal, handling close to 1.5 million barrels per day.

The Strait of Hormuz, a vital maritime chokepoint, sees over 20 percent of the world's seaborne oil passing through. Major onshore oilfields in Iran include Ahvaz, Gachsaran, Marun, Agha Jari, Bibi Hakimeh, and Karanj fields.

Key offshore fields are Abuzar, Foroozan, Doroud, and Salman. Major refineries in Iran include Abadan, Tehran, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, Arak, and Tabriz.

Iran's Gas Industry

Iran boasts the world's second largest proven natural gas reserves, with production reaching 9,361 billion cubic feet in 2023. The country heavily relies on domestic companies for gasfield development due to international sanctions.

Iran's Gas Facilities

Iran's gas facilities are concentrated in the south, particularly along the Gulf. The South Pars field, shared with Qatar, is the largest gasfield globally. Other important gasfields include North Pars, Golshan, Ferdowsi, Kangan, and Nar fields. The South Pars Gas Complex in Bushehr province is a key processing center.

Israel's Attacks

Israel has targeted several energy facilities in Iran, including the South Pars gasfield, Fajr Jam gas plant, Shahran oil depot, Shahr Rey oil refinery, and Tehran fuel depots.